PFAS, short for poly and perfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of synthetic chemicals used since the 1940s in several sectors, including those of household products, cosmetics, electronics, textiles, and automotive. All PFAS contain carbon-fluorine bonds, but they do not constitute a homogeneous group of chemicals – they have similar properties, but not necessarily the same physicochemical characteristics. Considering this, PFAS definitions and regulations are not the same across countries.
Nowadays, PFAS are in the spotlight of authorities from all over the world due to their very high persistence in the environment. That’s why they are also referred to as “forever chemicals” as resistant to decomposition. These substances are released into the environment from different sources (e.g. during use of cosmetics) and polluting soil, groundwater, and drinking water. As broadly present in the environment, also accumulate in exposed humans and animals and, therefore, may lead to negative effects on health among others on liver and thyroid function, immune system and even fetal development. Below is an overview of how PFAS are regulated in some countries.
PFAS use in the European Union
In 2023, some EEA countries submitted a proposed restriction on PFAS under Annex XV of REACH. The proposal foresees a ban on these substances above certain concentrations with a transition period of 18 months. Moreover, it sets use-specific derogations. ECHA held a public consultation on the proposal between March and September 2023. Currently, ECHA’s committees – the Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) and the Committee for Socio-economic Analysis (SEAC) – are developing their opinions on the restriction dossier. Based on those opinions, the European Commission will decide whether to proceed with the ban or not. Hence, we can expect the restrictions to start applying from 2027 at the earliest.
At national level, France is working on a bill aimed at restricting the manufacture and sale of non-essential products containing PFAS. It is now in front of the National Assembly for the second reading.
Regulation in the US
PFAS are in the spotlight of authorities in the United States as well. Some US States are introducing a ban on the use of PFAS in several products, including cosmetics. Among them, there is California that approved a bill prohibiting the use of these substances as of January 1, 2025. From the same date, PFAS are banned also in Colorado and Maryland. We expect other States to follow.
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Resources:
ECHA. (2024). Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Retrieved on 17/06/2024.
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